Asthma Inhaler: Get It Right When It Matters

If your inhaler ever feels like it's not helping, chances are it's not the medicine—it's the technique. Using the right inhaler the right way makes a huge difference in how well your asthma is controlled. This quick, practical guide covers the main inhaler types, how to use them step by step, simple care tips, and common mistakes to avoid.

Types of inhalers and how they work

There are two main kinds you’ll meet: press-and-breathe metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs). MDIs spray a measured dose when you press the canister. DPIs release medicine only when you inhale quickly and deeply. Then there are soft-mist inhalers and nebulizers for people who need an easier delivery method.

Also know the difference between relievers and preventers. Reliever inhalers (like short-acting beta agonists) stop symptoms fast. Preventer inhalers (usually steroids) reduce inflammation over time and must be used regularly to work.

Practical tips: using, cleaning, and traveling with your inhaler

Using an MDI (step-by-step): shake the inhaler, breathe out fully, put the mouthpiece between your teeth with lips sealed, press the canister and inhale slowly for 3–5 seconds, hold your breath 5–10 seconds, then breathe out gently. If your doctor told you to take two puffs, wait 20–30 seconds between puffs.

Using a DPI: load the dose if needed, breathe out away from the mouthpiece, seal lips on the mouthpiece, inhale quickly and deeply, then hold your breath for about 10 seconds. Don’t exhale into the device or it may clog.

Use a spacer with an MDI if you struggle with coordination. A spacer holds the spray so you can inhale at a normal pace. It significantly improves drug delivery to the lungs and reduces mouth side effects from steroid inhalers.

Cleaning: rinse the spacer and mouthpiece weekly with warm water and air-dry. For MDIs, wipe the mouthpiece weekly and remove buildup. Avoid getting the canister wet. Check the manufacturer’s instructions for your model.

Storage and checks: keep your inhaler at room temperature away from direct heat. Watch the dose counter or mark dates; many people think they have medicine left when the inhaler is empty. Replace expired or empty inhalers before travel.

Side effects and how to avoid them: steroid inhalers can cause oral thrush and hoarseness—rinse your mouth and spit after use. Relievers can cause shaking or a fast heartbeat; if that happens often, talk to your clinician about dose or alternative meds.

When to seek help: if your reliever stops working, your breathing gets worse, or you use your reliever more than usual, contact your doctor or seek emergency care. An action plan from your clinician should tell you exact steps.

Final quick tips: practice your technique with a clinician, carry a spare inhaler, check dose counters, and use a spacer when recommended. Small fixes in how you use and care for your inhaler often mean fewer flare-ups and better breathing every day.